Where is fluid located in the body

The majority of the interstitial space functions as an ECM, a fluid space consisting of cell-excreted molecules that lies between the basement membranes of the interstitial spaces. The interstitial ECM contains a great deal of connective tissue and proteins such as collagen that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing. Transcellular fluid is the portion of total body water contained within the epithelial-lined spaces.

It is the smallest component of extracellular fluid, which also includes interstitial fluid and plasma. It is often not calculated as a fraction of the extracellular fluid, but it is about 2. Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, ocular fluid, joint fluid, and the pleaural cavity that contains fluid that is only found in their respective epithelium-lined spaces. The function of transcellular fluid is mainly lubrication of these cavities, and sometimes electrolyte transport.

Learning Objectives Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular fluids. Key Points The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells.

The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances that include proteins, ions, and organelles dissolved in water. Because these fluids are outside of cells, these fluids are also considered components of the ECF compartment. Blood plasma has high concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and protein. The IF has high concentrations of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate, but a relatively lower concentration of protein.

In contrast, the ICF has elevated amounts of potassium, phosphate, magnesium, and protein. Figure 4. The compositions of plasma and IF are similar to one another but are quite different from the composition of the ICF.

Watch this video to learn more about body fluids, fluid compartments, and electrolytes. When blood volume decreases due to sweating, from what source is water taken in by the blood?

Most body fluids are neutral in charge. Thus, cations, or positively charged ions, and anions, or negatively charged ions, are balanced in fluids. These pumps use the energy supplied by ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. Figure 5. The pump also transfers potassium out of the ECF and into the cytoplasm. Hydrostatic pressure , the force exerted by a fluid against a wall, causes movement of fluid between compartments. The hydrostatic pressure of blood is the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart.

This pressure forces plasma and nutrients out of the capillaries and into surrounding tissues. Fluid and the cellular wastes in the tissues enter the capillaries at the venule end, where the hydrostatic pressure is less than the osmotic pressure in the vessel.

Filtration pressure squeezes fluid from the plasma in the blood to the IF surrounding the tissue cells. The surplus fluid in the interstitial space that is not returned directly back to the capillaries is drained from tissues by the lymphatic system, and then re-enters the vascular system at the subclavian veins.

Figure 6. Net filtration occurs near the arterial end of the capillary since capillary hydrostatic pressure CHP is greater than blood colloidal osmotic pressure BCOP. What happens in the tissue when capillary blood pressure is less than osmotic pressure?

Hydrostatic pressure is especially important in governing the movement of water in the nephrons of the kidneys to ensure proper filtering of the blood to form urine. As hydrostatic pressure in the kidneys increases, the amount of water leaving the capillaries also increases, and more urine filtrate is formed.

If hydrostatic pressure in the kidneys drops too low, as can happen in dehydration, the functions of the kidneys will be impaired, and less nitrogenous wastes will be removed from the bloodstream. Extreme dehydration can result in kidney failure. Fluid also moves between compartments along an osmotic gradient. Recall that an osmotic gradient is produced by the difference in concentration of all solutes on either side of a semi-permeable membrane.

The magnitude of the osmotic gradient is proportional to the difference in the concentration of solutes on one side of the cell membrane to that on the other side. Water will move by osmosis from the side where its concentration is high and the concentration of solute is low to the side of the membrane where its concentration is low and the concentration of solute is high. In the body, water moves constantly into and out of fluid compartments as conditions change in different parts of the body.

For example, if you are sweating, you will lose water through your skin. The circulatory system is key to the transport of vital biomolecules and nutrients throughout the body. Learn about the different components and functions of the human circulatory system dealt with in detail in this tutorial.

The lymphatic system is also elucidated elaborately here The kidneys are responsible for the regulation of water and inorganic ions. Read this tutorial to learn about the different parts of the kidneys and its role in homeostasis Homeostasis is the relatively stable conditions of the internal environment that result from compensatory regulatory responses performed by homeostatic control systems.

Know the different components of homeostatic control systems, homeostatic regulators, and the various biological processes that homeostasis entail Humans are capable of only one mode of reproduction, i. Haploid sex cells gametes are produced so that at fertilization a diploid zygote forms. This tutorial is an in-depth study guide regarding male and female reproductive physiology The major body-fluid compartments includ: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid plasma, interstitial fluid, and transcellular fluid.

The fluids of the various tissues of the human body are divided into fluid compartments. Fluid compartments are generally used to compare the position and characteristics of fluid in relation to the fluid within other compartments. While fluid compartments may share some characteristics with the divisions defined by the anatomical compartments of the body, these terms are not one in the same. The intracellular fluid of the cytosol or intracellular fluid or cytoplasm is the fluid found inside cells.

It is separated into compartments by membranes that encircle the various organelles of the cell. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments. The contents of a eukaryotic cell within the cell membrane, excluding the cell nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles e.

The cytosol : The cytosol 11 is the fluid within the plasma membrane of a cell and contains the organelles. The cytosol includes dissolved molecules and water. The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water.

Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, it mainly functions as a fluid medium for intracellular signaling signal transduction within the cell, and plays a role in determining cell size and shape. The concentrations of ions, such as sodium and potassium, are generally lower in the cytosol compared to the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation and signal transduction.

The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules that can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding. The extracellular fluid can be divided into two major subcompartments: interstitial fluid and blood plasma. The extracellular fluid also includes the transcellular fluid; this makes up only about 2. In humans, the normal glucose concentration of extracellular fluid that is regulated by homeostasis is approximately 5 mm.

The pH of extracellular fluid is tightly regulated by buffers and maintained around 7. Extracellular matrix : Spatial relationship between the blood vessels, basement membranes, and interstitial space between structures.

It is the intravascular fluid part of the extracellular fluid. It plays a vital role in intravascular osmotic effects that keep electrolyte levels balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders. Interstitial fluid or tissue fluid is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. The interstitial fluid is found in the interstitial spaces, also known as the tissue spaces.

On average, a person has about 11 liters 2. The majority of the interstitial space functions as an ECM, a fluid space consisting of cell-excreted molecules that lies between the basement membranes of the interstitial spaces. The interstitial ECM contains a great deal of connective tissue and proteins such as collagen that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing. Transcellular fluid is the portion of total body water contained within the epithelial-lined spaces.

It is the smallest component of extracellular fluid, which also includes interstitial fluid and plasma. It is often not calculated as a fraction of the extracellular fluid, but it is about 2. Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, ocular fluid, joint fluid, and the pleaural cavity that contains fluid that is only found in their respective epithelium-lined spaces.

The function of transcellular fluid is mainly lubrication of these cavities, and sometimes electrolyte transport. The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood.

This means that fluid composition varies between body compartments. The cytosol or intracellular fluid consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large, water-soluble molecules such as proteins.