What is the difference between suppositories and pessaries

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Farooq Ahmed Shaikh. Suneel Maurya. Show More. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. Suppositories and pessaries 1. After insertion they melt or soften at body temperature, whereas vaginal suppositories sometimes called as pessaries, are also made as compressed tablets that disintegrate in body fluids. The shape, volume and consistency of suppositories are suitable for rectal administration.

They have various shape usually ovoid with a volume and consistency suitable or insertion into vagina. They contain one or more active substances dispersed or dissolved in suitable basses that may be soluble or dispersible or melt at body temperature. Excipients such as diluents, adsorbents, surface active agents, lubricants, antimicrobial preservatives and colorizing material authorized by the competent authority may be added if necessary.

Advantages Oral route not useful. Patient — GIT problems, Nauseous or post operative. Very young , very old, or the mentally disturbed. Drug have GI side effects. Drugs with an unacceptable taste can be administered.

Drug that may be abused as in suicide. Disadvantages Mucosal irritation Traditional Issues- feeling of aversion Leakage Sometimes incomplete absorption.

Inter and intra subject variation. Large scale production difficult and costly Shelf life stringent storage conditions. GI state affects absorption 7 8. Rectal suppositories for adults weigh 2 g and are torpedo shape. Children's suppositories weigh about 1 gm. Vaginal suppositories or Pessaries weigh about gm and are molded in globular or oviform shape or compressed on a tablet press into conical shape.

Urethral suppositories called Bougies are pencil shape. Those intended for males weigh 4 g each and are mm long. Those for females are 2 g each and mm in length. Nasal suppositories: Called nasal bougies or buginaria meant for introduction in to nasal cavity. In resting state, the rectum is non motile. There is no villa or microvillus on rectal mucosa.

Physiological factors include: 14 A Colonic Content: When systemic effect are desired from suppository greater absorption may be expected from a rectum that is void than that with fecal matter. An evacuation enema maybe administered before insertion of a suppository. B Circulation: Drugs absorbed rectally partially by pass portal circulation, thereby enabling drug destroyed in liver to exert systemic effect. Depending on the height at which absorption occurs at rectum, the drug passes into inferior, middle or superior hemorrhoid veins.

C pH and lack of buffering capacity of the rectal fluid Rectal fluids are neutral pH , have no effective buffer capacity. The barrier separating colon lumen from the blood is preferentially permeable to the unionized forms of drugs, thus absorption of drug would be enhanced by change in pH of the rectal mucosa to one that increase the proportion of unionized drugs. B Degree of ionization: The barrier separating colon lumen from the blood is preferentially permeable to the unionized forms of drugs, thus absorption of drug would be enhanced by increase the proportion of unionized drugs 19 Physical or chemical in- compatibilities with other constituents may be predicted if the exact formula composition is known including preservatives, antioxidants and emulsifiers.

A base with sharp drop in solids over a short temperature span proves brittle if molded too quickly. It reflects the mono- and di-glyceride content of a fatty base. From saponification value we can know the type of glyceride present mono-, di- or tri- and also amount present. The possibility of decomposition by moisture, acids, oxygen which leads to rancidity of fats increases with higher iodine value.

The "water number" can be increased by the addition of surface- active agents. Low acid value or absence of acid value is important for good suppository bases.

Melt at body temp. It satisfies many requirement for ideal suppository base. So it must be stored in cool dry place protected from light. Suppositories are made using a metal or plastic suppository mould. Traditional metal moulds Fig. The internal surface is normally plated to ensure that the suppositories have a smooth surface. Figure Before use the mould should be completely cleaned by washing carefully in warm, soapy water and thoroughly dried, taking care not to scratch the internal surface.

The exact shape can vary slightly from one mould to another. The bases used, most commonly, for extemporaneous preparation of suppositories and pessaries are the synthetic fats and glycerol-gelatin base.

When calculating the quantity of ingredients it is necessary to prepare excess due to unavoidable wastage. Usually, an excess of two should be calculated for, e. Ensure that the two halves fit together correctly. This is necessary to ensure that there is no leakage of material. For some bases the mould will need to be lubricated. The lubricants are given in Table Suppositories and pessaries. Study Points Ideal suppository bases Types of base Suppository moulds and mould calibration Displacement values Methods of preparation of suppositories and pessaries Containers, labelling and patient advice for suppositories and pessaries.

Introduction Drug administration by the rectum can be used for local or systemic action. Suppository bases A number of criteria can be identified as desirable in an ideal base, including: Melt at, or just below, body temperature or dissolve in body fluids Solidify quickly after melting Easily moulded and removed from the mould Chemically stable even when molten Release the active ingredient readily Easy to handle Bland, i.

Synthetic fats These are hydrogenated vegetable oils. Synthetic fatty bases have many of the advantages but there are a few potential problems: The viscosity of the melted fats is lower than that of theobroma oil.

This problem is partly compensated for in that these bases set very quickly These bases become brittle if cooled too rapidly, so should not be refrigerated during preparation These bases are produced in series of grades, each with different hardness and melting point ranges.

Water-soluble and water-miscible bases Glycerol-gelatin bases These bases are a mixture of glycerol and water stiffened with gelatin. Macrogols These polyethylene glycols can be blended together to produce suppository bases with varying melting points, dissolution rates and physical characteristics. Preparation of suppositories Suppositories are made using a metal or plastic suppository mould. Preparation of suppositories containing an active ingredient which is insoluble in the base The bases used, most commonly, for extemporaneous preparation of suppositories and pessaries are the synthetic fats and glycerol-gelatin base.

The mould should be carefully washed and dried. Table Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue. You may also need Oral unit dosage forms The prescription Packaging Public health and pharmacy interventions Public health Communication skills: advice and information on the selection of medicines Powders and granules Emulsions. Like this: Like Loading Tags: Pharmaceutical Practice.

There has been a little bit of confusion as to what both mean and their differences. However, this post will shed light on the area where the error is coming from. Medicines are drugs designed for therapeutic effect. Tailored to meet different needs, some are designed to be swallowed. Others are injected with a syringe and needle into the body while others are applied on the skin.

However, these routes may still not be enough to satisfy some needs hence the use of suppository and pessary. Suppositories are also called pharmaceutical pessaries. They are meant to be inserted into the body such as vagina and rectum. They are made of material that dissolve at human temperature releasing the content of the drug.

To make insertion easy, they are made to have a small shape like that of a bullet. They are round and cone shaped. Suppositories are designed to either treat local disease of the rectum or vagina or bypass the systemic first pass effect of the stomach. In other cases, they are meant to treat a condition when the patient is not able to swallow.

They can be inserted by the user. When we mention suppository, everybody seems to agree with the above definition.